Cytomegalovirus: symptoms and treatment. Positive cytomegalovirus during pregnancy. What is the danger of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy?

Is it necessary to sound the alarm if antibodies are found in the blood of the future mother to cytomegalovirus? After reading the article, you can learn about the features of infection, possible risks for the future mother and child.

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All infections caused by viruses from the Herpesviridae family (herpesviruses) have a similar pathogenesis: the disease is persistent, proceeds in a latent or chronic form. So is cytomegalovirus: he can “sleep” in the body for many years, not making himself felt or waking up (reactivating) from time to time.

Causes and symptoms of cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus hominis (human cytomegalovirus) is a DNA-containing pathogenic microorganism that belongs to the Herpesviridae family (herpesviruses). The name of the virus, the “giant cage”, is due to the fact that the cells affected by it can be multi -core and have a huge size.

Important: there are three strains of human cytomegalovirus: AD-169, Davis, Kerr.

Cytomegalovirus also differs in that it can last in the environment for a long time. This partially explains its high infection.

Important: according to WHO (World Health Organization), carriers of one or another strain of Cytomegalovirus hominis are 2 of 10 teenagers and 4 out of 10 adults.

The source of the CMV - infection is an infected person. Cytomegalovirus hominis is in his saliva, tears, the secret of the nasopharynx, cum, the secret of the female genital organs, urine and feces.

Ways to transfer CMV and form of CMV infection.

Cytomegalovirus hominis is transmitted, regardless of the strain:

contact (including through objects)
airborne
through the placenta from mother to child
when transplanting organs or blood transfusion

Infection with a cytomegalovirus infection occurs very often, its gate is a mucous membrane lining the genitals, the upper respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the body of a healthy person copes with it, so the disease in the vast majority of people proceeds in a latent form.

Important: the incubation period of the CMV infection-30-60 days. If a person’s immunity is strong, he suppresses the disease in 1-2 months. It suppresses, but does not cure: in an inactive form, Cytomegalovirus hominis can live in the body of the carrier for years and reactivated under favorable circumstances, that is, in the case of a decrease in immunity. Primary infection from the reactivation of the virus is difficult and not always possible.

Symptoms of infection are manifested in those who are in a state of immunodeficiency. The acquired cytomegalovirus disease is often called mononucleozo -like syndrome and is manifested as follows:

weakness
subfebrilite or fever
myalgia (muscle pain)
an increase in lymph nodes

Since Cytomegalovirus hominis is able to affect the respiratory organs and liver, in some patients, acute CMW, infection can manifest itself as flu or viral hepatitis.

If the human immune system is strong, after 30-60 days, anti-immunoglobulin anti-CMV anti-CMV is occurred, the symptoms of the disease are fading.

Important: the carrier of Cytomegalovirus hominis remains contagious weeks and months after the symptoms of CMV - infections disappear.

In people with weak immunity, as well as in pregnant women and young children, cytomegalovirus can cause:

retinite (inflammation of the retina)
pneumonia
hepatitis
enterocolite
esophagus ulcers, stomach, intestines
inflammation of the genitals
encephalitis

Symptoms of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy. What is a reactivation of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy?

The development of CMV in pregnant women is possible in two cases:

with primary infection (risk of transplacental infection above)
in the case of reactivation of the virus sleeping in the body (risk of transplacental infection below)

If the expectant mother is the bearer of the virus, but she has no symptoms of the disease, the child’s infection through the placenta may not occur.

Weakness, fever and increase in lymph nodes are signs of CMV - infection in acute form.

The clinical forms of infection caused by Cytomegalovirus hominis are also different in future mothers.

If the disease is acute, lungs, liver, eyes, genitals, and brain can suffer. A pregnant woman may have complaints about:

weakness and fatigue
specific discharge from the nose or genital tract
increase and soreness of lymph nodes

CMV - infection affects the normal course of pregnancy. If the disease is acute, the expectant mother often reveals:

vaginite
kolpit
hypertonus of the uterus
premature aging of the placenta
underwestern

CMV - infection can also come to a pregnant woman:

premature detachment of the placenta
weakening of labor
blood loss in childbirth
postpartum endometritis

VIDEO: Cytomegalovirus infection and pregnancy

Cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: consequences for the fetus

From Cytomegalovirus hominis may also suffer a child in the womb.

If intrauterine infection of the CMV infection occurs in the early stages, pregnancy may break.

Important: doctors consider the most dangerous situation the one when the child’s intranatal infection with a cytomegalovirus occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a risk of the death of the fetus or the occurrence of various grave defects in development.

Perinal pathologies caused by the CMV infection are:

Regardless of the gestational age, at which infection occurred: stillbirth, prematurity, fetal hypotrophy
The infection occurred in the early stages: vice of the development of the nervous system (microcephaly, hydrocephalus), respiratory system (lung hypoplasia), digestive organs, urination, heart flogging
The infection occurred in the later stages: the birth of a child with pneumonia, jaundice of various genesis, hemolytic anemia, nephritis, meningoecephalitis, so on

Unfortunately, the congenital CMV infection can turn into a child with defects in development and health problems in the future.

A child with congenital CMV infection first may look completely healthy. But over time, they may appear:

hearing impairment up to deafness
visual violation up to blindness
decrease in intelligence
speech problems

Cytomegalovirus when planning pregnancy. Analysis for cytomegalovirus during pregnancy

A woman who seriously approaches the issue of pregnancy planning, consults with a gynecologist, already at this stage passes an analysis for a torch infection, which allows her to identify a number of serious diseases that can disrupt the course of pregnancy and affect the health of the child, or antibodies to them .

Important: “C” in the decoding of the Torch abbreviation is Cytomegalovirus hominis.

Analysis for cytomegalovirus is included in the TORCH complex.

A serological blood test allows you to identify in a woman the presence of anti -mmunoglobulin anti -mmunoglobulin M and G and its titer.

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus - what does this mean? Deciphering the analysis for cytomegalovirus in pregnant women

The results of the analysis on Cytomegalovirus hominis in a pregnant woman will allow the doctor to get answers to three important questions:

whether the expectant mother is infected with cytomegalovirus
if so, when the infection occurred
if so, is the virus active

Indicators of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy, norm. What do the titers of cytomegalovirus mean during pregnancy?

An analysis that has not identified IGM and IgG antibodies to Cytomegalovirus hominis is considered normal. This means that a woman is not infected. But there is absolutely no guarantee that the infection will not occur in the previous period of time.

The high titer of IgM in the absence of IgG indicates the acute period of the CMV - infection and, accordingly, a large risk of fetal infection
The high titer of IgG in the absence of IgM speaks of virus carriage and the possibility of reactivation
Low titer IgM and IgG - infection at the attenuation stage
High titer IGM and IgG - Cytomegalovirus hominis reactivation

Treatment of cytomegalovirus. How to treat cytomegalovirus during pregnancy?

Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely eliminate Cytomegalovirus hominis. But medicine is known to mobilizing the human immunity to combat him.
Pregnant women are usually prescribed antiviral and general strengthening drugs. These are interferon -based drugs or plant drugs. Effective, for example, is considered to be protheflazide.

CMV cannot be cured, but can be controlled.

If there is no antibodies to cytomegalovirus in the blood of the future mother, she should take a preventive nature:

do not change the sexual partner
use condoms
follow the rules of personal hygiene
not eat from someone else's dishes
regularly clean the apartment
pay due attention to your own health

What to do if cytomegalovirus was found during pregnancy: tips and reviews

If the pregnant woman has found Cytomegalovirus hominis, she should not consider this the end of the world. The key to the normal course of pregnancy is constant interaction with the doctor and a clear observance of his prescriptions.
With an acute form of infection, the future mother should take an analysis to control the antibodies' titer every two weeks, as well as regularly examined in order to control the development of the fetus.